What is Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood swings can range from periods of intense energy, elevated mood, and impulsive behavior (mania or hypomania) to feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities (depression).

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, and other specified and unspecified bipolar and related disorders. Bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes that last at least seven days or are severe enough to require immediate medical attention. Bipolar II disorder involves hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes but does not typically involve full-blown manic episodes. Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as numerous periods of depressive symptoms that last for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents).

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Bipolar disorder can significantly impact daily functioning, relationships, and overall quality of life if left untreated. However, with proper treatment, which often includes medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments, many individuals with bipolar disorder can manage their symptoms effectively and lead fulfilling lives. It’s essential for individuals experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder to seek professional evaluation and treatment from qualified mental health professionals.